Purpose: The purpose of current review was investigating the effect of CORE STABILITY EXERCISES (CSE) on volleyball players. Methods: Current research was a PRISMA systematic review. It reviewed comprehensively the Impact of CSE on volleyball players. It carried out searching in Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, PEDro, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and in Persian Google Scholar, Megapaper databases, IRANDOC, Magiran, SID, Medilib, IranMedex. The keywords in two groups including: Group 1: “CORE STABILITY exercise” OR “CORE STABILITY training” OR “CORE STABILITY endurance” OR “trunk STABILITY” OR “central STABILITY EXERCISES” OR “CORE intervention” OR “CORE STABILITY control” OR “CORE strengthening exercise” OR “trunk resistance exercise” and group 2: “Volleyball” OR “volleyball player“ OR “volleyball athletes” from 2000 to February of 2023. Current research used both English and Persian languages. Results: We got 146 articles. After removing duplicate titles, we selected 127 abstracts for review. Finally, 18 articles were included in the present review. Conclusion: The outcomes of current review show that CSE have the ability to improve movement capabilities, performance, and sports skills as well as prevent injuries from volleyball players. Of course, to interpret the outcomes of the current research caution needs to be taken, considering the restrictions such as the difference in the sample size under study, measurement methods, and components of different CORE STABILITY protocols.

Background and Aims: Nowadays, suspended EXERCISES have been considered as an effective way to improve CORE STABILITY in healthy individuals and those with musculoskeletal disorders. However, the activity of different CORE muscles while performing suspended EXERCISES has not been investigated yet. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare electromyographic activity of selected CORE muscles while performing selected CORE STABILITY EXERCISES using TRX. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 healthy physically active female students participated in the current study. Each participant performed three repetitions of each of bridge, plank, and lunge EXERCISES with the feet placed inside the TRX foot straps. Simultaneously, surface electromyographic data was collected on rectus abdominis, external oblique, erector spine lumbalis, and superficial lumbar multifidus. Resulting row data was amplitude normalized and the root mean square was then determined. Repeatedmeasure analysis of variance was used to determine any differences across the three EXERCISES on a test group (p=0. 05). Results: Different levels of muscle activation were observed during the three different EXERCISES. Rectus abdominis activation was the greatest during plank exercise, while superficial lumbar multifidus activity peaked during feet suspended lunge and bridging. Conclusion: Considering the levels of activity of all investigated muscles, plank seems to have the highest and lunge the least impact on improving the STABILITY of CORE region.

Introduction: Primary dysmenorrhea is characterized by pain during menstruation without any pelvic pathology. It is a common problem among females in their reproductive age. However, exercise is a known intervention to relieve the symptoms. This study aimed to assess the effect of CORE STABILITY EXERCISES on pain severity, pain duration, and drug consumption in primary dysmenorrhea in adult females. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four non-athletic, unmarried girls, aged 18-25 years, who suffered from moderate to severe primary dysmenorrhea, were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=17) and control groups (n=17). The experimental group performed 8 weeks of CORE STABILITY exercise (3 sessions/week, 45-60 min/session). Before and after the exercise program, pain intensity, pain duration, and the medication usage of the participants were assessed by “ Numeric Pain Scale” (10-point scale), “ the number of hours that the pain continued” and “ the total amount of painkiller consumption for the pain reduction” for 2 days prior to menstruation, and 2 days after menstruation onset. The statistical analysis was performed using ANCOVA and dependent t-test. The confidence interval was considered at 0. 95 (α <0. 05). Results: In comparison with the control group, there was a significant decrease in pain intensity (P=0. 008), pain duration (P=0. 021), and the number of painkillers consumed (P=0. 018) in the experimental group. Conclusion: CORE STABILITY EXERCISES may be effective in reducing pain intensity, pain duration, and consumed painkillers.

Background: Young people are at a higher risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), which can adversely affect their social and personal lives and, thus, psychological capital such as hope.  Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of CORE STABILITY EXERCISES on the levels of hope and its components in patients with MS. Materials & Methods: This research employed a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. This study was conducted on MS patients referred to the Omid Clinic of Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol City, Iran, from April to June 2018. Using the available sampling method, 36 patients (two groups of 18 people) were selected with the diagnosis of a neurologist and under similar drug treatments who could perform CORE STABILITY EXERCISES. The experimental group performed a CORE STABILITY training protocol for 8 weeks, three sessions a week, and one day between each session, and each session took about 30 minutes. Snyder’s adult hope scale was administered in the pre-test and post-test stages for both groups.  Results: This study involved 24 women and 12 men, most of whom were in their third decade. Findings indicate the effectiveness of CORE STABILITY EXERCISES on resilience, purposefulness, self-control and ability to solve problems, stubbornness, and optimism (P<0.05). However, it has not influenced the belief component (P>0.05). Conclusion: CORE STABILITY EXERCISES and medical and physical treatments in MS patients can improve their health because hope and its components increase with exercise.

Background and Aim Football is one of the most popular sports that has many injuries. Due to the importance of the CORE stabilizer muscles, the weakness of these muscles can lead to poor performance and thus increase injuries. On the other hand, this area as a bridge between the lower and upper limbs with its proper function can improve performance and performance.Materials and MethodsThe statistical population of the present study included 30 children athletes who purposefully entered the study and were divided into two groups of 15 control and experimental group. The experimental group performed CORE STABILITY EXERCISES in one session along with their EXERCISES and the control group only previous EXERCISES. The performance of individuals was assessed using the Y balance test, vertical jump (sargent), three-legged distance, one-leg jump time at a distance of six meters and balance system error scoring system test. Dependent t-test was used to evaluate the difference in performance between athletes in the two groups.ResultsThe results of the present study showed that central STABILITY EXERCISES had a significant effect on improving lower limb function in athletes (P≤0.05).ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that CORE STABILITY training had an immediate effect on the performance of children footballers. Therefore, it is useful for coaches and athletes to perform central STABILITY training in addition to their training to improve their performance.

Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse is a condition, in which organs in the pelvis slip down and protrude into the vagina, causing many serious problems. Strengthening and stabilizing the CORE muscles is paramount for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the effects of eight weeks of CORE STABILITY exercise on endurance and strength of CORE muscles in women with rectal prolapse. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental pre-test post-test study, 24 women with rectal prolapse in Isfahan with a mean age of 45.2 years and a body mass index of 26.2 kg/m2 were selected and participated with informed consent. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups (n= 12): CORE STABILITY EXERCISES and control. The exercise protocol was implemented incrementally for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each session lasting 30 min. Study variables were measured before and after the exercise program. In order to analyze the data, multivariate covariance test was used using SPSS software (version 26) at a significant level (P≤0.05). Results: The results of the study demonstrated a significant increase in the endurance of the flexor and extensor muscles of the central body region in the CORE STABILITY EXERCISES group (P≤0.05). Also, a significant increase in the strength of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles was observed in the CORE STABILITY EXERCISES group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: These results show the effect of CORE STABILITY EXERCISES on increasing the endurance and strength of the muscles of the CORE body, which, as a result, may have positive effects on rectal prolapse. Therefore, it is suggested that sports therapy centers, doctors, and therapists use this exercise method to improve the condition of patients suffering from rectal prolapse.

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of eight weeks of conventional and suspension CORE STABILITY EXERCISES by use of the designed device on characteristic of intervertebral discs in low back pain. Methods: A total of 27 men with chronic low back (CLB) pain due to lumbar disc herniation in L4-L5 and L5-S1 regions were enrolled in this quasi-experimental study. After assessing the pain intensity using a visual analog scale (VAS) and determining the disc herniation index using MRI, each group of patients were asked to perform either conventional or suspension EXERCISES for eight weeks, each week consisting of three training sessions. The pain intensity was assessed at the end of the first, second, third, fourth and eighth weeks and the disc hernia index was determined again at the end of the eight weeks of EXERCISES. Results: The results indicated significant changes in the intensity of pain in both groups through the period of eight weeks of exercise with a remarkable pain relief. In relation to the structural characteristics of the intervertebral disc, data analysis did not reveal any significant change between the pre-and post-test. Conclusion: Considering the beneficial effects of the STABILITY EXERCISES and specially suspension STABILITY EXERCISES with respect to pain alleviation and reduced use of sedatives and anti-inflammatory drugs, this method can be helpful at early stages of treatment for chronic pains.

Background and Aim Sciatica is one of the most common diseases of the peripheral nervous system and may be caused by pressure on the sciatic nerve. Due to the fact that piriformis muscle located near the sciatic nerve, piriformis muscle spasm may put pressure on the nerve and cause sciatica and consequently piriformis syndrome. The present study aims to investigate the effect of CORE STABILITY EXERCISES on pain and inflammation of patients with piriformis syndrome. Methods & Materials This is a randomized clinical trial. The study population consists of all patients with piriformis syndrome referred to medical centers in Arak, Iran from. Of these, 20 were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of control (n=10) and exercise (n=10). The exercise group performed CORE STABILITY EXERCISES for 6 weeks, while the control group continued their normal life during this period. To examine the differences between the study groups, t-test, Chi-Square test, and McNemar’, s test were used. The significance level was set at 0. 05. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR. ARAKMU. REC. 1400. 157) and was registered by Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (ID: IRCT20211003052662N1). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results The Mean pain sCORE in the control group decreased from 95. 2 to 90. 7 after the exercise, which was not statistically significant (P=0. 562). In the exercise group, the mean pain sCORE decreased from 91. 7 to 33. 4, and this decrease was statistically significant (P=0. 0),Therefore, at 95% confidence interval, we can say that CORE STABILITY EXERCISES had a significant effect on the pain of patients with piriformis syndrome (P<0. 05). The number of patients with inflamed nerve in the control group decreased from 10 in the pre-test phase to 8 in the post-test phase, but this decrease was not statistically significant (P=0. 5). In the exercise group, it was reduced from 10 to 2, and this decrease was statistically significant (P=0. 008),Therefore, we can say that CORE STABILITY EXERCISES had a significant effect on the inflammation of patients with piriformis syndrome (P<0. 05). Conclusion CORE STABILITY EXERCISES can reduce pain and inflammation in patients with piriformis syndrome. These EXERCISES can be used in the treatment of these patients.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of CORE STABILITY EXERCISES on physical fitness of CORE muscles and primary dysmenorrhea in teenage girls. Methods: Participants of the study included 30 teenage girls with primary dysmenorrhea. Participants were assigned into either the exercise group (n=15) or control (n=15) group randomly. All subjects completed the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) to measure symptoms of dysmenorrhea. Abdominal muscle endurance, balance and trunk flexibility of participants were measured respectively by sit up, one leg stance and Wels tests. Measurements were performed before and after the exercise period. The exercise group performed CORE muscle EXERCISES for 8 weeks, 3 days a week. During this period control group did not participate in any kind of EXERCISES. Analysis of variance with repeated measures and Pearson correlation tests were used for data analysis. Results: The result showed that CORE muscle EXERCISES reduced dysmenorrhea symptoms (p=0. 001), increased endurance of abdominal muscles (p=0. 001), and flexibility (p=0. 04) in exercise group. However, CORE muscle EXERCISES did not change balance significantly (p>0. 05). Dysmenorrhea changes were negatively related to physical fitness changes (r=0. 55, p=0. 002). Conclusion: CORE muscle EXERCISES can be used as a treatment to reduce the severity of dysmenorrhea which may be associated with increasing CORE muscle fitness indices.